The three reactions of acids and the salts they produce, naming salts from the acid used, and the required practical for making a pure dry sample of a soluble salt.
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1.Complete: acid + metal gives ...
salt + hydrogen
2.Complete: acid + metal oxide gives ...
salt + water
3.Complete: acid + metal hydroxide gives ...
salt + water
4.Complete: acid + metal carbonate gives ...
salt + water + carbon dioxide
5.Which salt does hydrochloric acid produce?
A chloride.
6.Which salt does sulfuric acid produce?
A sulfate.
7.Which salt does nitric acid produce?
A nitrate.
8.Name the salt from magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
Magnesium chloride.
9.Name the salt from copper oxide and sulfuric acid.
Copper sulfate.
10.Name the salt from sodium hydroxide and nitric acid.
Sodium nitrate.
11.Name the salt from calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.
Calcium chloride.
12.How do you test for hydrogen gas?
Hold a lit splint at the mouth of the tube. A squeaky pop shows hydrogen.
13.How do you test for carbon dioxide?
Bubble the gas through limewater. It turns cloudy or milky.
14.What would you see when a metal carbonate reacts with acid?
Vigorous fizzing as carbon dioxide is given off, and the solid gradually disappears.
15.In the required practical, what is made?
A pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an insoluble base and an acid.
16.Why is the insoluble base added in excess?
To make sure all the acid is used up, so no acid remains in the final product.
17.How do you know when all the acid has reacted?
The excess solid stops dissolving and sinks to the bottom of the flask.
18.Why is the mixture warmed during the practical?
To speed up the reaction between the acid and the base.
19.How is the excess solid removed?
By filtration. The excess base is left in the filter paper and the salt solution passes through.
20.How is the solid salt obtained from the solution?
By crystallisation. The solution is warmed to evaporate some water, then left to cool so crystals form.
21.Why is the solution not evaporated to dryness?
Slow crystallisation produces better formed crystals, and some salts decompose or lose water if heated too strongly.
22.How are the crystals dried at the end?
By patting them between filter paper, or leaving them in a warm place to dry naturally.
23.Why must the final crystals be dry before weighing?
Any remaining water would add to the mass and make the yield appear higher than it really is.
24.Write the word equation for zinc and sulfuric acid.
zinc + sulfuric acid gives zinc sulfate + hydrogen
25.Write the word equation for copper carbonate and nitric acid.
copper carbonate + nitric acid gives copper nitrate + water + carbon dioxide
26.Why is copper not used to make a salt by reacting the metal with acid?
Copper is below hydrogen in the reactivity series, so it does not react with dilute acids. Its oxide or carbonate is used instead.
27.What is a base?
A substance that neutralises an acid, usually a metal oxide, metal hydroxide or metal carbonate.
28.Why is the salt solution filtered rather than decanted?
Filtering removes all the solid particles, giving a clear solution, whereas pouring off would leave some behind.
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