The eight energy stores, the four ways energy is transferred between them, and how to describe what happens in a system without using the word energy loosely.
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1.Name the eight energy stores.
Kinetic, thermal, chemical, gravitational potential, elastic potential, nuclear, magnetic and electrostatic.
2.Name the four ways energy can be transferred.
Mechanically by a force doing work, electrically by a current, by heating, and by radiation such as light or sound.
3.What is a system in physics?
An object or a group of objects being considered.
4.What is a closed system?
One where no energy can enter or leave, so the total energy stays the same.
5.State the principle of conservation of energy.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transferred between stores or dissipated.
6.Which store increases as an object speeds up?
The kinetic store.
7.Which store increases as an object is lifted higher?
The gravitational potential store.
8.Which store increases as a spring is stretched?
The elastic potential store.
9.Describe the transfers when a ball is thrown upwards.
The kinetic store empties and the gravitational potential store fills as it rises, then the reverse as it falls.
10.Describe the transfers when a car brakes.
The kinetic store of the car empties, and energy is transferred to the thermal store of the brakes and surroundings by friction.
11.Describe the transfers when a kettle boils water.
Energy is transferred electrically from the mains to the thermal store of the water.
12.Describe the transfers when a battery powers a motor.
The chemical store of the battery empties, energy is transferred electrically, and the kinetic store of the motor fills.
13.What is meant by doing work?
Transferring energy by using a force to move an object.
14.State the equation for work done.
work done = force x distance moved along the line of action of the force
15.What is the unit of work done?
The joule, J. One joule is one newton metre.
16.A force of 20 N moves an object 5 m. Calculate the work done.
20 x 5 = 100 J.
17.Why does rubbing your hands together warm them?
Work is done against friction, which transfers energy mechanically to the thermal store of your hands.
18.What happens to energy in a system when work is done against friction?
It is transferred to the thermal store of the objects and then dissipated to the surroundings.
19.Why is energy store better language than energy type?
Energy is not really a substance that comes in types. Describing where it is stored and how it moves is a more accurate picture.
20.What is a non-closed system?
One where energy can transfer in or out, so the total energy in the system itself can change.
21.When a falling object hits the ground, where does the energy go?
The kinetic store empties and energy is transferred to the thermal stores of the object and the ground, and some by sound.
22.Describe the transfers in a bow and arrow.
The elastic potential store of the bow empties as it is released, filling the kinetic store of the arrow.
23.Which store does a fuel have?
A chemical store.
24.Which store is emptied in a nuclear power station?
The nuclear store of the fuel.
25.What happens to the total energy of a closed system over time?
It stays constant, even though it moves between different stores.
26.Why can energy never be used up?
It is always conserved. It becomes less useful when it is dissipated, but the total amount is unchanged.
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